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Archaeologists in Rome have uncovered the remains of what appears to be a medieval palace where popes resided before the Vatican became their home. This significant discovery was made during preparations for the 2025 Catholic Holy Year, or Jubilee, the Italian Culture Ministry announced on Wednesday.
The excavation took place in the square outside the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, revealing a complex architectural structure. Among the findings are walls believed to have been part of the Patriarchio, a monumental basilica initiated by Emperor Constantine in the 4th century. This discovery is hailed as extraordinarily important for Rome's medieval history, as no extensive archaeological excavations have been carried out in this square in modern times.
Following Constantine's declaration of tolerance for Christianity in the Roman Empire in 313, the initial structure of the Patriarchio was expanded over several centuries. Between the 9th and 13th centuries, it evolved into a significant residence for the papacy, which remained there until 1305 when the papal court temporarily moved to Avignon, France.
The area around St. John Lateran is undergoing extensive renovations in anticipation of the Jubilee. This year-long event, starting in December, is expected to draw over 30 million pilgrims and tourists to Rome. During a Jubilee, Catholics can obtain special indulgences, or remission of their sins, by fulfilling certain conditions, doing good works, or making pilgrimages.
Rome's nearly 2,800-year history often leads to archaeological discoveries during construction projects. Recent excavations near the Vatican, aimed at extending a road tunnel for the Jubilee, have revealed traces of an ancient Roman "fullonica," or laundry, and a porticoed garden believed to have been used by Emperor Caligula.
The discovery of the medieval papal palace adds a fascinating chapter to Rome's rich history, offering new insights into the city's past and the early years of the papacy. As the city prepares for the influx of visitors during the Jubilee, these archaeological finds will undoubtedly enhance the historical and cultural experience for all who come to celebrate this significant event.
