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Speaking during a televised interview, Trump said the United States would impose tariffs of up to 50% on Chinese goods if evidence emerges that China is supplying weapons to Iran.
The remarks followed intelligence reports suggesting China could be preparing shipments of man-portable air-defense systems capable of targeting low-flying aircraft.
While officials have not confirmed the reports publicly, the possibility of such transfers has heightened scrutiny of China's role in the conflict.
Trump expressed skepticism about the claims, but emphasized that any verified support for Iran would trigger immediate economic consequences.
"If they do it, the tariffs will be massive," he said, underscoring the scale of potential penalties.
The warning comes as a fragile ceasefire between the United States and Iran remains in place, with diplomatic efforts ongoing but uncertain.
Analysts say Beijing has so far balanced its strategic ties with Tehran against broader economic interests, avoiding direct military involvement.
However, any confirmed arms shipment would mark a significant shift and could intensify geopolitical tensions.
Trump's threat also carries domestic and legal questions, as previous rulings have limited the scope of presidential tariff powers without formal investigations.
Even so, the administration appears to be using economic pressure as leverage ahead of a planned summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping next month.
Markets are watching closely, as a tariff escalation of this magnitude could disrupt global trade flows and push prices higher.
For now, both the intelligence claims and the tariff threat remain untested, leaving room for diplomacy but also the risk of rapid escalation if new evidence emerges.
In the meantime, officials in Washington and Beijing are maintaining cautious public positions, with China denying any involvement and urging restraint.
Observers note that the coming weeks will be critical in determining whether the standoff deepens or gives way to renewed negotiations. The outcome could reshape trade and security dynamics.
